Hypertension 2 degrees. Symptoms and treatment of hypertension of the 2nd degree

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Hypertension 2 degrees. Symptoms and treatment of hypertension of the 2nd degree
Hypertension 2 degrees. Symptoms and treatment of hypertension of the 2nd degree
Anonim

Increased blood pressure (temporary or permanent) is one of the signs of hypertension. The degree of its severity is reflected by the excess of this indicator, and the risk of complications and the magnitude of pathological changes that can occur in the patient's body depend on this. Hypertension 2 degrees is characterized by almost constantly high blood pressure.

hypertension grade 2
hypertension grade 2

Causes of hypertension

The main factors that determine the magnitude of blood pressure are the diameter of the vessels of the bloodstream (mainly small arteries), the work of the heart (strength of contractions and their frequency), and the volume of circulating blood. As soon as one of these factors changes, the pressure changes simultaneously.

Normal pressure in a he althy person is 120 to 80 millimeters of mercury. Hypertension of the 2nd degree is characterized by a pressure of 140 over 90 and above. However, high blood pressure may be a sign of another disease, in which case we can talk about symptomatic hypertension.

Main causes of arterial hypertension

  • With age, the elasticity of blood vessels decreases markedly, their resistance to blood flow increases. The main culprit in this process is atherosclerosis.
  • Gender. In men, this disease is more common, as they are more prone to bad habits, and in women, sex hormones play a protective role.
  • Lack of normal physical activity.
  • Overweight.
  • Genetic predisposition (if there were close relatives who suffered from this disease, the likelihood of an ailment is higher).
  • Diabetes, tumors, certain thyroid and kidney diseases.
  • Eating large amounts of table s alt, which causes fluid retention in the body.
  • Smoking (nicotine causes blood vessels to spasm and increase their resistance).
  • Chronic stress, severe emotional upheavals.
  • Eating disorders (addiction to animal fats and foods high in cholesterol).
  • Hormonal disorders.
  • Drinking too much alcohol.
  • Complicated pregnancy.
  • Poisoning, including a number of drugs.
  • Wall thickening near the left ventricle of the heart as a mechanism to compensate for increased resistance to blood flow from the vascular bed.
treatment of hypertension of the 2nd degree
treatment of hypertension of the 2nd degree

Symptomatics in the initial stages

Hypertension 1-2 degrees occurs with minor symptoms. There are attacks of headache from time to time, a slight deterioration in performance. All this will not force a person to run to the doctor for help. At this stage, the disease is not detected and does not receive systematic treatment. And therefore, hypertension of the 2nd degree gradually develops. It is at this moment that patients most often find themselves at the doctor's office. During this period, the disease has already entered a stable and advanced phase, blood pressure indicators are constantly high, there are pronounced changes in the internal organs.

Main symptoms

  • hypertension 2 degree army
    hypertension 2 degree army

    Blood pressure between 160-190/100-109 mm Hg. Art. and holding steady.

  • Headaches are concentrated in the temporal and occipital part. They are provoked by increased physical or mental stress.
  • Periodic tinnitus.
  • Dizziness.
  • Before the eyes there are "flies".
  • Memory is deteriorating.
  • Fatigue.
  • Swelling and redness of the face, a capillary network appears on it. Upper limbs swell.
  • Emotional lability (excitability, tearfulness, irritability).
  • Vessels of the sclera (eye whites) are dilated.
  • Heartbeat attacks.
  • Changes in the retina.
  • Changes in urine tests due to the pathology of the vessels of the kidneys and a decrease in their functional activity.
  • Compensatory changes are observed in the heart muscle: the wall of the left ventricle thickens to compensate for resistance to blood flow.

An important feature of the disease, which determines hypertension of the 2nd degree, is the appearance of hypertensive crises. They are characterized by an attack of high blood pressure up to 180 mm Hg or more, severe headache and pain in the heart, weakness, nausea and vomiting.

Treatment of hypertension grade 2

Timely treatment helps to avoid many serious consequences. Therapy should be carried out by a specialist, a cardiologist or a therapist, taking into account all the individual characteristics of the patient. Treatment of hypertension of the 2nd degree should be systemic, long-term (or rather, permanent) in nature. You will need to follow a diet and include a large amount of plant foods in the diet.

Main lines of struggle

  • hypertension 2 3 degrees
    hypertension 2 3 degrees

    Antihypertensive drugs (lowering blood pressure). They are selected by a doctor, since there are a large number of drugs that differ both in duration of action and in principles.

  • Diet with limited content of foods rich in cholesterol and table s alt. The use of fish, greens, vegetables. You will have to control the amount of liquid you drink per day (no more than one and a half liters)
  • Diuretics (diuretics) reduce the volume of fluid in the body, which leads to a decrease in pressure.
  • Antioxidants and vitamins.
  • Antiarrhythmic drugs.
  • Quitting excessive amounts of alcohol and smoking.
  • Metered physical activity.

Hypertension Grade 2: Risk 2

The main degree of danger in the presence of this disease are complications that can lead to disability and even death. Among the most severe complications are:

  • Heart failure, development of arrhythmia, heart attack - from the side of the heart.
  • Decrease in intellectual abilities (dementia) and memory, stroke - from the side of the brain.
  • Severe vascular disorders in the retina - from the side of the eyes.
  • Occurrence of kidney failure.
  • Aortic aneurysm (saccular expansion), in case of rupture of which instant death is guaranteed - from the side of the vessels.
hypertension grade 2 risk 2
hypertension grade 2 risk 2

Disability

If a person's work was associated with mental, emotional and nervous stress, then for he alth reasons he can be transferred to work with a more gentle regime. With an increase in the severity of the disease (hypertension of 2-3 degrees), with frequent crises, the working capacity of patients is even more limited, and they can be assigned a third disability group.

If, despite the provided special working conditions, the disease progresses, then instead of the third group, the second can be assigned. And as the state of he alth improves, the group can be reduced or completely removed. All decisions on granting a disability group after a full examination are made by VTEK. And he also performs periodic re-examination.

hypertension 1 2 degree
hypertension 1 2 degree

Conclusion

Hypertension of the 2nd degree has a pronounced clinical picture. This pathology is one of the most common causes of disability or disability, as well as mortality. Timely access to doctors and properly prescribed treatment will help to cope with such a disease. If a young man is diagnosed with grade 2 hypertension, the army is closed to him, that is, he receives an exemption from service.

A full active life, not overshadowed by diseases, brings genuine joy. And the surest way to maintain such a state is not to miss the onset of the development of the disease.

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