High blood sugar: symptoms and first signs

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High blood sugar: symptoms and first signs
High blood sugar: symptoms and first signs
Anonim

If a person is completely he althy, nothing will disturb him. However, today, unfortunately, there are very few such people. In this article, I want to talk about such a problem as high blood sugar. Why is this happening, and how to behave in this case?

high blood sugar symptoms
high blood sugar symptoms

Highlights

Cells of the human body will necessarily possess sugar. However, it is very important that it does not exceed the permissible limits. If we talk about numbers, then glucose should not “step over” the mark of 100 ml per deciliter. If the indicators are slightly too high, the patient may not feel anything. However, with a pathological increase in sugar, certain symptoms appear. It is also important to say that a one-time increase in blood sugar is not yet an indicator that the patient has a disease such as diabetes mellitus.

Where does sugar come from?

Doctors say that there are two main sources of high blood sugar.

  1. Carbohydrates that enter the body with food.
  2. Glucose, which passes from the liver (the so-called "depot" of sugar in the body) into the blood.
high blood sugar
high blood sugar

Symptomatics

If the patient has high blood sugar, the symptoms may be as follows.

  1. Profuse and fairly frequent urination. In medical practice, this is called polyuria. If sugar exceeds a certain mark, the kidneys begin to work actively and remove excess fluid from the body. In this case, the following symptom occurs.
  2. Intense thirst. If a person is constantly thirsty and cannot get drunk, this is an occasion to consult a doctor. Since this is the first symptom of high blood sugar.
  3. Itchy skin.
  4. If the patient has high blood sugar, the symptoms may also affect the genitourinary system. So, it can be itching in the groin, as well as discomfort in the genital area. The reason for this is frequent urination, which can lead to the multiplication of various microbes in the genital area. Inflammation of the foreskin in men and vaginal itching in women are also important symptoms that may indicate high sugar levels.
  5. Scratches do not heal for a long time in patients with high blood sugar. Even worse is the situation with wounds.
  6. Another sign of high blood sugar is an electrolyte imbalance. This is because the patient's urine leaches important trace elements for the body. In this case, the following symptoms may be observed: muscle and calf cramps, as well as problems in the functioning of the cardiovascular system.
  7. If the patient has high blood sugar, the symptoms will be as follows: lethargy, loss of strength, drowsiness. The thing is that with increased sugar, glucose is not absorbed by the body, and accordingly, a person has nowhere to get a boost of strength and energy.
  8. Another symptom is a constant feeling of hunger and, as a result, an increase in body weight.

Reasons

What can cause high blood sugar? What causes of this problem are identified in this case by doctors?

  1. Hereditary factor or genetic predisposition. Those. if a patient in the family had similar diseases, he is at risk.
  2. Autoimmune diseases (the body begins to perceive its own tissues as foreign, attacking and damaging them).
  3. Obesity (can be both a cause and a consequence of high blood sugar).
  4. Injuries of a physical and mental nature. Most often, blood sugar rises after experienced stress or strong feelings.
  5. Impaired blood supply to the pancreas.
signs of high blood sugar
signs of high blood sugar

Target Organs

So, high blood sugar. The symptoms of this disease are clear. What will this jump in glucose primarily affect? So, the eyes, kidneys, and limbs can suffer as much as possible from this. Problems arise due to the fact that the vessels that feed these organs are affected.

  1. Eyes. If the patient has an increase in blood sugar, the symptoms will concern the eyes. So, with a long-term such condition, the patient may experience retinal detachment, then optic nerve atrophy will develop, after which glaucoma. And the most terrible scenario is complete irreparable blindness.
  2. Kidneys. It is important to say that these are the most basic excretory organs. They help to remove excess glucose from the body at the beginning of the disease. If there is too much sugar, the renal vessels are injured, the integrity of their capillaries is disrupted, and the kidneys are getting worse and worse every day. If the increase in sugar is strongly launched, then proteins, red blood cells and other substances important for the body are also excreted along with the urine, which leads to the development of kidney failure.
  3. Limbs. Signs of high blood sugar may also affect the limbs of the patient. The condition of the blood capillaries of the legs worsens, as a result of which various kinds of inflammatory processes can occur that lead to the development of wounds, gangrene and tissue necrosis.

Short-term causes of high blood sugar

The patient may also have a brief rise in glucose levels (high blood sugar). Symptoms can cause the following conditions.

  1. Pain syndrome.
  2. Acute myocardial infarction.
  3. Epileptic attacks.
  4. Burns.
  5. Liver damage (resulting in glucose not being fully synthesized).
  6. Tranio-cerebral injuries, when the hypothalamus is primarily affected.
  7. Stress conditions that cause the release of hormones into the bloodstream.

In addition to the above problems, a short-term increase in sugar can be caused by taking certain medications (thiazide diuretics, glucocorticoids), as well as oral contraceptives, psychotropic substances and diuretics. If you take these drugs for a long time, a disease such as diabetes mellitus may develop.

high blood sugar symptoms
high blood sugar symptoms

Tolerance test

As mentioned earlier, just because a patient has high blood sugar does not mean they have diabetes. However, it is best to consult a doctor at the first symptoms. After all, if you start timely treatment, you can avoid irreversible processes. So, in this case, the doctor will refer the patient to tests, the main of which will be a tolerance test. By the way, this study is indicated not only for patients with symptoms of high sugar, but also for the following categories of people:

  1. those who are overweight;
  2. for patients over 45.

The essence of the analysis

The test should be carried out with the presence of pure glucose in the amount of 75 g (you can buy it at the pharmacy). The procedure for this will be as follows.

  1. Patient donates blood on an empty stomach.
  2. After that, he drinks a glass of water, where the required amount of glucose is diluted.
  3. After two hours, blood is given again (often this analysis is carried out not in two, but in three stages).
high blood sugar symptoms
high blood sugar symptoms

Conditions

In order for the test results to be correct, the patient must fulfill a list of simple but important conditions.

  1. You can't eat in the evening. It is important that at least 10 hours pass from the moment of the last meal to the delivery of the first blood test. Ideal - 12 hours.
  2. On the day before the test, you can not load the body. Sports and heavy physical activity are excluded.
  3. Before taking the test, the diet does not need to be changed. The patient should eat all the foods that he consumes regularly.
  4. Stress and emotional overstrain should be avoided.
  5. You need to take the test after the body has rested. After a night shift, the test results will be skewed.
  6. On the day of blood donation, it is also best not to overexert yourself. The day is best spent at home in a relaxed atmosphere.

Test results

Test results are very important.

  1. Diagnosis of "tolerance disorder" can be made if the indicator is less than 7 mmol per liter on an empty stomach, as well as 7, 8 - 11, 1 mmol per 1 liter after drinking a solution with glucose.
  2. A fasting glucose disorder can be diagnosed if fasting readings are in the range of 6.1 - 7.0 mmol/L, after taking a special solution - less than 7.8 mmol/L.

However, in this case, do not panic. To confirm the results, you will have to do another ultrasound of the pancreas, take a blood test and an analysis for the presence of enzymes. If you follow all the doctor's recommendations and at the same time adhere to a special diet, the signs of high blood sugar may soon disappear.

high blood sugar
high blood sugar

Prevention

In order not to face such a problem as high blood sugar, a person must adhere to special preventive measures. So, a special diet will be very important, which must be followed without fail.

  1. If the patient's body weight is overweight, the diet should be low in calories. At the same time, proteins and fats should be present in the menu every day. Carbohydrates should not be ingested in excessive amounts.
  2. With high sugar, you need to eat food often and in small portions.
  3. It is necessary to completely abandon such products as crackers, chips, fast food, sweet sparkling water.
  4. Need to monitor the number of calories consumed. If a person leads an active lifestyle, plays sports, the diet should contain a normal amount of calories. Otherwise, meals should be low-calorie.
  5. Consume better boiled, stewed food. It is necessary to refuse fried foods, smoked meats, alcohol. Especially avoid flour products, sweets and alcohol.
  6. Food should contain a minimum amount of s alt and animal fats.
  7. The last meal should be no later than two hours before bedtime.
  8. From drinks you can drink coffee and tea without sugar, you can also take herbal teas and freshly squeezed juices.
elevated blood sugar
elevated blood sugar

What to do: advice from traditional medicine

If a person has high blood sugar, it is best to seek the advice of a doctor. However, you can also deal with this problem yourself. To do this, it is enough to use traditional medicine.

  1. Collection. To reduce blood sugar, you need to take one part of flaxseed and two parts of the following ingredients: bean pods, dried blueberry leaves, and oat straw. All this is crushed. To prepare the medicine, you need to take three tablespoons of the collection, pour 600 ml of boiling water, simmer over low heat for about 20 minutes. After that, the liquid is filtered and cooled. It is taken three tablespoons three times a day before meals.
  2. Dandelion. If the patient has a slight increase in blood sugar, he should eat about 7 baskets of dandelion daily.
  3. In order for sugar to always be normal, you need to grind one tablespoon of buckwheat in a coffee grinder, pour it all with a glass of kefir, insist overnight. In the morning, the medicine is drunk half an hour before meals.

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