Diet 15. Medical nutrition

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Diet 15. Medical nutrition
Diet 15. Medical nutrition
Anonim

Every person who is faced with a disease sooner or later begins to think: "Why did this actually happen to me? Why was the body weakened and unable to fight the disease?"

diet 15
diet 15

There are many answers. But one of them is especially important - we eat wrong. With food, our body receives an insufficient amount of useful substances (fiber, vitamins, mineral elements). When we eat food, we most likely eat not what is he althy, but what is tastier.

He alth food

We love: fried pies, butter and cheese sandwiches, French fries. With pleasure we gobble up: buns and spaghetti, fatty boiled pork and hamburgers, pizza and hot dogs. We are not afraid that these products contain a lot of fats, harmful additives and quickly digestible carbohydrates.

We do not drink pure water, which the body needs, but sweet carbonated drinks, which are harmful with sugar substitutes and artificial colors. And the result of this mockery of the body is a clogged circulatory system and numerous diseases.

When the years pass and we start to run to the doctors, we are prescribed diet food along with the treatment. We go to sanatoriums, eat according to the diet, cleanse ourselves and drink mineral waters, but we can’t return to our former he alth.

table 15 diet menu
table 15 diet menu

After an expensive course of treatment comes a transitional period. At this time, the doctor prescribes diet 15. It is intended for the patient to switch to the diet of an ordinary he althy person. So what is the difference between a healing diet and everyday food?

Diet composition

Diet food includes substances useful in chemical composition: proteins, carbohydrates, fats, minerals and vitamins. The degree of usefulness of the diet is determined by the doctor based on the results of patient tests.

After the diagnosis is established, the patient is selected a diet from the list of Dr. M. I. Pevzner. These are medical diets 1-15. This list also includes postoperative diets of type No. 0a; and there are diets for the exacerbation phase of an ulcer, like No. 1a (as a subspecies of diet No. 1). There is also a diet 15 - for convalescents.

diet number 15
diet number 15

The purpose of each table, as we see, is quite different. Some help heal ulcers, others are prescribed to replenish the body with the necessary elements. Each diet has its own set of products, cooking method, norms and meal schedule.

The diet should be balanced in composition and carry essential substances that the body is unable to produce itself. The composition of such substances includes: eight amino acids, three fatty acids and about fifteen vitamins - A, B, K, and so on. And also mineral s alts: phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, calcium, and a whole range of other essential trace elements.

Food must be cooked in a given volume and at the right temperature. Meals are strictly on schedule.

Diet prescription

The doctor builds a diet taking into account the pathogenesis of the disease, metabolic disorders, the state of the digestive organs, the phase of the course of the disease, complications and other diseases identified in the patient. They also take into account: gender, age of the patient, the degree of his fatness. And only then, based on this information, the doctor selects a course of diet.

The diet should meet the following standards:

  • Be energetically valuable.
  • Nutritionally balanced.
  • Make the patient feel full.
  • Be tasty enough.
  • Food must be cooked according to technology.
  • The principle of regular meals should be observed, as provided for in diet 15.

Following these principles promotes recovery.

Pevzner's diets

Dietology in the USSR is associated with the name of M. I. Pevzner. This honored doctor developed a dietary nutrition system consisting of 15 basic diets (or tables) and subspecies for some of them, which are indicated by an additional letter in the number of the main diet.

For example: table number 4a, or table number 7a, or diet number 15. A separate group are zero diets, which are also called surgical diets.

The list of diseases for which these diets are prescribed is quite large. Here and a stomach ulcer during an exacerbation, and during the attenuation of the disease. Here and gastritis with high and low acidity, colitis and constipation of an atonic nature, intestinal diseases in the acute period and the treatment of their chronic course, diseases of the liver, kidneys, gallbladder, biliary tract, pancreatitis, gout, nephritis, obesity and diabetes mellitus, heart disease and vascular system, tuberculosis, diseases of the nervous system. For all these ailments, patients must adhere to certain diets.

Recovery Diet

The diets for the sick were listed above, but there are those that resemble the nutrition of he althy people. This is the therapeutic diet of diet No. 15. It almost does not differ from the he althy diet. But there are minor limitations.

medical diets 1 15
medical diets 1 15

Daily table number 15 (diet)

The menu is built for people who are not engaged in physical labor, with the usual proportion of components, but with a predominance of vitamins. In the diet, fats that are difficult to perceive by the body are reduced. Diet: four to five times a day.

he alth food diet
he alth food diet

Menu (diet 15)

Permitted: bread - all kinds, pies, biscuits and biscuits, except for fried pies. Soup on light meat and fish broths, vegetable, with cereals, vegetables, without tomato paste and frying. Meat and fish cutlets and meatballs from lean meat and fish. Without toasting in flour breading. Milk and dairy products without restrictions. Egg dishes are allowed in any form. Vegetables can be all, with the exception of radishes, radishes, swedes, turnips, onions and garlic. Fruits, berries and sweets are allowed.

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