Disability groups. 1 group of disability. pension, benefits

Table of contents:

Disability groups. 1 group of disability. pension, benefits
Disability groups. 1 group of disability. pension, benefits
Anonim

The Ministry of He alth and Social Development reports that the number of disabled people in Russia is increasing annually by approximately 1 million people. It is estimated that every tenth Russian receives a pension due to his inability to work due to he alth problems. And forecasts for the future are disappointing: by 2015 the total number of disabled people will exceed 15 million.

disability groups
disability groups

What is meant by the term "disabled"?

Historically in Russia, the concept of "disability" was associated with illness and inability to work. A disabled person (lat. invalidus - "weak, powerless") is a person who has a persistent disorder in the functions of systems or organs due to congenital or acquired diseases, injuries or defects. Because of this, he cannot fully exercise his professional duties. The vital activity of such a citizen is limited, which necessitates his support and social protection. The Declaration on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities of 09.12.1975 considers a disabled person as any person who is unable to provide for his physical and social needs in a normal amount due to an acquired or congenital deficiency of mental or physical abilities. The UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities of 2006-13-12 describes him as a person with a permanent physical, mental, sensory or intellectual impairment that prevents him from participating effectively and fully in public life on an equal basis with other people.

Disability as the inability to work. Life restriction

second group of disability
second group of disability

Today, disability is understood as a social phenomenon with a complex structure and is not considered in isolation from socialization, communication and personal factors. In the ILO convention No. 159 (“On the vocational rehabilitation and employment of persons with disabilities”), a disabled person is considered in the context of the performance of his labor functions. He is described as a person who has a significant limitation in obtaining, keeping a job, and promotion due to a serious mental or physical defect. In fact, the emphasis in this definition is on the specifics of the performance of professional duties by a person with a disability. In this context, "limitation of life" is understood as a partial or complete loss of the ability or ability to self-service, independent movement, orientation in space, control of one's behavior, social perception and communication, learning and performance of labor functions.

What is required to establish a disability?

To recognize a person as disabled, three conditions must be met. First, a person must have a he alth disorder acquired due to illness, the presence of an anatomical defect, or after an injury. It is accompanied by a persistent disorder of the functioning of the body. Secondly, a person must undergo a limitation of life, for example, lose the ability to serve himself, move independently, communicate, study and work. And thirdly, in order to establish disability, it is necessary that a person needs social protection, including rehabilitation measures of assistance. It is important that the presence of only one of these conditions is not considered a basis for recognizing a person as disabled.

Medical and social expertise

disability working group
disability working group

A special procedure is carried out to recognize a person as disabled. It is called "medico-social expertise". With its help, the state of the body is comprehensively assessed on the basis of various data - clinical, social, psychological, and vocational. The ITU process is carried out at the place of residence, stay or where the pension file of a person who has moved to live outside the Russian Federation is located. In some cases, when a person for he alth reasons cannot independently appear at the Federal Bureau, the examination is carried out at home. But this will require the conclusion of the organization providing treatment and preventive services on the patient's condition. During the examination, doctors will carefully study all the submitted materials, the results of analyzes and tests. They will then decide by a majority of votes whether or not to recognize the person as disabled. The conclusion of the commission will be announced to the patient or his legal representative. According to the law in force in the Russian Federation (No. 181-FZ of 1995-24-11, No. 213 - FZ of 2009-24-07 and other regulations), a citizen who was recognized as a disabled person, depending on the severity of he alth damage, will be assigned a group disability. It is seen as the degree of ongoing or permanent loss of the ability to work. A person under the age of 18 is assigned the category "disabled child".

Disability groups and degrees of disability to work

1 disability group
1 disability group

The criteria for the patient's state of he alth serve as the basis for establishing a disability group. They are spelled out in the order of the Ministry of He alth and Social Development No. 535 of 22.08. 2005 ITU uses this document to assess areas of a patient's life. Based on the results of the procedure, a minutes of the meeting and an examination certificate of the person are drawn up, which indicate the group of disability, its causes and duration. How many categories of disability are there in total? The law provides for three of them, and each of them has its own characteristics. In addition to the disability group, the degree of limitation of the ability to professional activity is also established. Three of them have also been developed. The first degree implies the ability to work under the condition of reducing the severity and / or reducing the volume of work. The second provides for the ability to perform professional duties when creating special conditions, including when equipping the workplace with special auxiliary means. The third degree implies contraindications and the actual impossibility of performing labor activities.

Terms of disability and re-examination

disability groups and degrees
disability groups and degrees

As a result of the ITU, all necessary documents are signed by specialists and certified with a seal. A person receives a rehabilitation program and a certificate of disability. Within three days from the moment the decision is made, an extract from the ITU act is sent to the pension provision authority. Disability group 1 is assigned for a period of two years, groups 2 and 3 - for 12 months. The category "disabled child" can be established for different time periods - for one, two years or until the person reaches the age of eighteen. Indefinite disability is established in some cases. For example, due to the impossibility of reducing the degree or eliminating the limitation of the patient's life activity caused by serious persistent morphological changes, impaired functioning of body systems and defects. To monitor the course of the pathological process and the state of the disabled person's ability to work, he is regularly re-examined. Persons who have been assigned a disability group indefinitely can be sent for re-examination at their own request or at the direction of their he althcare facility. Next, we will provide a list of disability groups, as well as talk about material support for people with disabilities.

"Non-working" disability group. Criteria for its assignment

The most severe in terms of the mental and physical condition of the patient is the first group of disability. It is established for persons with persistent, pronounced he alth disorders and restrictions on the categories of life activity, one or more. The criteria for determining disability group 1 are as follows:

  • the impossibility of self-service and self-care, that is, complete dependence on other people;
  • inability to move independently;
  • failure to communicate;
  • disorientation;
  • lack of control over one's own actions and behavior.
criteria for determining the disability group
criteria for determining the disability group

Examples of conditions for the appointment of the first group of disability can be: lesions of the cardiovascular system with circulatory failure, paralysis of two limbs, severe tuberculosis, incurable malignant neoplasms. Catatonic schizophrenia and epilepsy with twilight states of consciousness can also become grounds for assigning disability to this degree. Disability group 1 means that persons need constant supervision and help from other people to ensure their vital household and social functions. Their ability to work is extremely limited. However, deaf-mute and blind people perform some types of work. Wheelchair users can work from home.

Second and third disability groups. Reasons for their assignment

The second group of disability is issued to persons who have less significant (in comparison with the first group) functional impairments and disability of the second degree of severity. Usually people can take care of themselves. They do not need constant supervision and care. Indications for the appointment of the second group are as follows:

  • possibility of independent movement, including with the use of assistive devices;
  • possibility of self-service (with assistance or aids);
  • failure to study under general conditions in regular educational institutions;
  • ability to work at a specially prepared workplace, using the help of other people or aids;
  • the ability to communicate, including with the help of assistive devices;
  • the ability to navigate in space and time with the help of other people;
  • the ability to control your behavior with the help of other people.
disability pension
disability pension

The second group of disability can be assigned in the presence of such diseases as myocardial damage, progressive tuberculosis, cirrhosis of the lungs, cerebral arteriosclerosis with a decrease in intellectual functions, spinal cord injury with impaired motor functions, etc. It is often assigned to children with congenital defects or received a birth injury, for the period of study. After mastering the school curriculum, such persons are issued a certificate of fitness for work. Citizens who received the third group of disability during the ITU have functional impairments of moderate severity, such as deafness or hand paralysis, which are the result of congenital or acquired diseases, injuries or defects. In general, such patients have a moderately severe disability. They are able to take care of themselves, provide for themselves and be independent from strangers. However, they need the help and protection of social services. Disability of groups 2 and 3 does not prohibit people from working and providing for themselves financially. But according to the law, people with disabilities are required to create certain conditions in the workplace. The working second group of disability involves facilitating the labor process - creating additional breaks during the day or reducing it, easing the norms of working out, etc. Also, people with disabilities are also en titled to additional leave. The third working group of disability in no way limits a person's ability and desire to work. The legislation does not provide for such people to reduce working hours. For disabled people of the third group, as well as for ordinary people, a 40-hour work week is prescribed.

how many disability groups
how many disability groups

Material support for the disabled

The main opportunity to ensure the life of people with disabilities is a pension. The basis for its appointment is the recognition of a person as disabled in the course of a medical and social examination, as well as the appointment of any of the three groups of disability. Disability labor pension is a monthly payment, which is assigned to persons with restrictions on labor activity to compensate for lost earnings. If the cause of such a condition was a general disease acquired in the course of life, a general seniority of a certain duration will be required to assign a pension. People who received a disability in childhood, before they reach the age of twenty, will be assigned material support, independent of their length of service. If the reason for the limitation of life was an injury or illness received in the performance of professional duties, a pension will be assigned regardless of the total length of service. For the category of military personnel, a monthly payment is assigned if the disability occurred either during the service, or no later than 3 months from the moment of its termination. Also, a pension for the military can be established even if a certain group was assigned to them a significant time later after their dismissal. The main thing is that the injury or disease that led to the limitation of life should be received during the period of service.

Pensions: 1, 2, 3 disability group

Pensions are indexed annually in Russia. In 2012-2014 it increased twice a year - from February 1 and from April 1. Indexation is carried out in connection with the increase in the growth of the consumer basket and inflation. Benefits are calculated differently for different groups of disabled people. But in general terms, they include accruals for the total length of service, the size of the basic pension and monthly cash payments (UDV), which replace benefits in kind. Since April 2014, disability of groups 1 and 2 assumes the accrual of unified income in the amount of 2974.03 rubles and 2123.92 rubles, respectively. Disabled people of the third group will receive a monthly cash payment in the amount of 1,700.23 rubles. The basic disability pension in 2014 is as follows:

  • for disabled people of the first group and disabled children of the second group - 8647.51 rubles. per month;
  • for children with disabilities and disabled children of the first group - 10376, 86 rubles per month;
  • for disabled people of the second group - 4323, 74 rubles per month;
  • for disabled people of the third group - 3675, 20 rubles per month.
  • list of disability groups
    list of disability groups

For people who have been disabled as a result of their work and have a total experience of more than five years, the pension will be calculated individually, and its indicators will be much higher.

What benefits do people with disabilities get?

According to the law, people with disabilities are en titled to various compensations. They are provided depending on the group assigned during the ITU. The benefits provided to disabled people of the first category are as follows: payment of a labor and social pension, free provision of medicines by prescription of doctors, free treatment in sanatoriums, compensation for the cost of plane or train tickets when traveling to a medical institution, free travel in public transport, compensation for the cost of rent, utilities, electricity, telephone (in the amount of 50%). Also, persons have the opportunity to receive additional living space, provided that it is impossible to live with other relatives due to illness. Disabled people of the first group who need prosthetic limbs are provided with prostheses and orthopedic shoes free of charge. They can count on admission out of competition in higher and secondary professional state institutions. Disabled people of the first group are provided with assistance in housekeeping, they are provided with a social worker.

disability 1 and 2 groups
disability 1 and 2 groups

The list of compensations is extensive for the second group of disability. The benefits are as follows: persons with disabilities are en titled to free travel in public transport, to receive free dressings and medical supplies, to purchase medicines at a discount, to compensate for rent, utilities, a discount on electricity and telephone bills, etc. The law provides for the appointment of benefits to non-working disabled people of the third group. They have the right to purchase certain types of medicines, medical devices and orthopedic shoes at a discount, to reimburse 50% of the cost of intercity tickets once a year. Special benefits are provided for children with disabilities. For example, they are en titled to the provision of a social pension, free medicines, medical rehabilitation, provision of a place in preschool, he alth or medical institutions. Children are provided free of charge with devices and handrails to facilitate movement. Parents or guardians of a child with a disability are also en titled to some benefits, such as a subsidy for paying the cost of rent, compensation for utility bills, telephone use, etc. Disabled people are also en titled to home-based social services, such as assistance in buying goods, medicines, providing food, including including home delivery of products, maintaining living conditions in accordance with hygiene requirements.

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