Sinus tachycardia: types, causes, treatment

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Sinus tachycardia: types, causes, treatment
Sinus tachycardia: types, causes, treatment
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sinus tachycardia
sinus tachycardia

What does sinus tachycardia mean?

Sinus tachycardia is a disease characterized by an increase in heart rate over a hundred or more beats per minute. However, it should be noted that all the structures of the heart, as well as the sequence of work of its ventricles and atria, do not undergo any changes. Symptoms of the disease, as a rule, appear blurry or do not appear at all, therefore, this pathology is often detected by chance during an ECG.

Sinus tachycardia and its types

Pharmacological tachycardia is a disease caused by the influence of certain substances on the sinus node, it can be caused by: caffeine, norepinephrine, nicotine, isoproterenol, alcohol and adrenaline. Pathological tachycardia is a consequence of any abnormalities that have arisen in the body for one reason or another. There are two types of pathological sinus tachycardia: adequate and inadequate. The causes of the first type of sinus tachycardia can be anemia, hypoxemia, thyrotoxicosis, arterial hypotension, pheochromocytomia. Inadequate sinus tachycardia is a relatively rare and poorly understood phenomenon, characterized by a persistent symptomatic increase in sinus rate above 100 beats per minute even when the patient is at rest. At the same time, during sleep, the heart rate decreases, and during stress and physical activity it increases. There are two types of etiological factors for sinus tachycardia: cardiac and non-cardiac.

Extracardiac (extracardiac) causes of sinus tachycardia

There may be several of them:

  • dysfunction of the cerebral cortex;
  • disorders of the nervous system (neurosis, affective psychosis, neurocircular dystonia);
  • endocrine disorders;
  • anemia;
  • increase in temperature due to the presence of an infectious and inflammatory disease in a patient (tuberculosis, tonsillitis, pneumonia, etc.);
  • acute vascular insufficiency.
  • how to get rid of tachycardia
    how to get rid of tachycardia

Cardiac (intracardiac) causes

Among them are:

  • heart failure;
  • myocarditis of various etiologies;
  • heart defects;
  • endocarditis;
  • pericarditis;
  • cardiosclerosis;
  • severe angina.
moderate sinus tachycardia
moderate sinus tachycardia

How to get rid of tachycardia?

In order for therapy to bring the patient as much benefit as possible, it is necessary to initially identify and cure the main ailment that caused sinus tachycardia. Even moderate sinus tachycardia (an increase in heart rate up to 120-130 beats per minute) is a reason to see a specialist. Therapy is prescribed in a complex by a cardiologist and other specialists. It implies not only the use of drugs aimed at curing the underlying disease (β-blockers, calcium antagonists, glycosides), but also changing the patient's lifestyle. Sometimes a patient diagnosed with sinus tachycardia simply needs to exclude foods and substances from their diet that cause an increase in heart rate: tea, coffee, chocolate, spicy foods, alcohol and nicotine. You should also avoid heavy physical exertion and stress.

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