Dislocation of the shoulder joint: types, causes, symptoms, treatment

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Dislocation of the shoulder joint: types, causes, symptoms, treatment
Dislocation of the shoulder joint: types, causes, symptoms, treatment
Anonim

Only one joint in the human body, the shoulder joint, can perform the maximum range of motion in any planes. It is formed by the articular cavity of the scapula and the head of the humerus. Outwardly, it looks like a ball lying on a stand slightly curved inward. At the same time, there are no additional bone formations that would fix the articulating surfaces. What then holds the joint? This role is taken over by its capsule, tightly attached to the edges of the connecting bones. In addition, the dynamic joint stabilizers are the muscles involved in the movements of the shoulder.

shoulder dislocation
shoulder dislocation

Dislocation of the shoulder joint: mechanism of injury

It is not surprising that the most mobile joint of the bones is also the most vulnerable. The most common shoulder injury is a dislocation. Especially often it happens in athletes involved in sports that involve the implementation of throwing movements, for example, baseball players, handball players, etc. Injury can occur both when moving the shoulder and when falling on the arm. In this case, the articular capsule is torn, and the hyaline cartilage covering the cavity of the scapula often exfoliates. The choice of treatment method will depend on the severity of these injuries. The capsule can rupture anywhere, so shoulder dislocation can be anterior (in 75% of cases), inferior (in about 20% of cases), posterior (very rare). In the first case, the head of the humerus is displaced forward, in the latter - backwards, in the second - down. When choosing a therapeutic tactic, a significant factor is the state after injury to the bone structures. Usually the humerus is not damaged, but a crack may occur in the glenoid cavity of the scapula. In this case, the operation cannot be avoided.

habitual shoulder dislocation
habitual shoulder dislocation

Habitual shoulder dislocation

The mechanism of damage described above is typical for traumatic dislocation, that is, occurring as a result of trauma. If the damage to the shoulder during the treatment is not completely eliminated, then the usual one may occur. It can occur with any movement of the limb, not even accompanied by physical exertion: when raising the arm up or moving it to the side, combing the hair, etc.

Dislocation of the shoulder joint: treatment

After an injury occurs, ensure rest for the injured hand, and immobilize the joint with improvised means. Don't try to straighten it

shoulder dislocation treatment
shoulder dislocation treatment

on your own, in case of severe pain, take an analgesic. Then go to the traumatology. The doctor will conduct an examination and, based on its results, choose a method of treatment. In uncomplicated cases, conservative therapy is used: under local anesthesia, the joint is set, and then a splint is applied to fix it in a certain position. Immobilization is performed for a period of 3-6 weeks until all damaged structures are restored. To treat dislocation of the shoulder joint after removing the splint, continue by carrying out physiotherapy, massage, exercise therapy. Unfortunately, after some time, the articular surfaces shift again. Due to the fact that the cartilage tissue does not return to its original position, it is not possible to stabilize the articulating bones. In this case, surgery will help eliminate the dislocation of the shoulder joint.

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